Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause is a (clause) which functions as an adverb, which describes a verb. Adverbial Clause usually classified based on "meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctive that preceded it).

The types of adverbial Clause include:

1. Clause of Time

Clause which shows the time. Usually made by using conjunction (conjunctive) as before, while, as, after, no sooner, etc.

        Examples:

• We will finish after he comes.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident. 
• By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause with shows the place.  Usually made by using conjunction as where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, etc.


         Examples:

• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats.
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause which shows the contradiction between the two incidents or events that are related. Usually made ​​by using conjunction (conjunctive) as although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, etc.

        Examples:

• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.

4. Clause of Manner

 
        Examples:

• She did as I told her.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause which shows the relationship intent / objectives and outcomes. Usually made ​​by using conjunctions like (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, etc.


        Examples:

• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

  
        Examples:

• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more. 
• I'm studying hard because I want to pass my exam. 
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

  In addition, to reveal the relationship of cause and effect can be used in other patterns, 

   namely:

            1. Use Preposition like because of, due to, due to the fact that,etc

         Examples:

• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

              2. Use conjunction like because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as

    
       Examples:

• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
• As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
• Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

                3. Use transition words like therefore, consequently.

      Examples:

• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

 

     Some can be changed into an adverb Clause Modifying Phrases by: 
     1) Eliminating the subject of the dependent Clause and the verb (be)

      Examples:
      a. ADVERB CLAUSE       : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
     b. MODIFYING PHRASE  : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
  

        2) If the Clause does not exist be an adverb , change the subject and verb in the 
            adverb clause-ing it into shape.

   Examples :
   a. ADVERB CLAUSE        : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
   b. MODIFYING PHRASE   : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

   Clause adverb can be converted into Modifying Phrase Clause if the subject of the

   adverb and the subject of playing the same Clause.

    Examples:
    1. Can be changed

• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep --> While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep --> While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
• Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends --> Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends. 

       2. Cannot be changed

• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition

Clause which shows the requirements between the two events (events) are related. Usually made ​​by using conjunctions like if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), etc.

      Examples:

• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
• In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
• We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

 

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